Problem+Research

Bainter, Tracey R. "Domestic Violence." //Child Development//. Ed. Neil J. Salkind. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 124-127. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. < http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3401000101&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >

Types of Violence Types of violence include:  Physical violence is purposely pushing, kicking, slapping, punching, choking, or using a weapon to harm the victim  Emotional/Physical Pain is when the abuser intentional tries to harm the victim by using insults, intimidation, threats, isolation, and controlling of their life  Sexual violence is when the abuser forces their partner to have sex with them or someone else against their will, calling their partner sexually degrading names, or inflicting intentional pain to their partner during intercourse
 * Domestic Violence is violence or abuse toward someone that you are or were in a relationship with.

Statistics The U.S. Department of Justice estimated that in 1998 about one million violent crimes were committed against persons by their current or former intimate partners.  The majority of these crimes (85%) were committed against women, with women aged sixteen to twenty-four experiencing the highest rate of violence.  The Federal Bureau Investigation reported that 32 percent of female murder victims in 1999 were murdered by a husband or boyfriend, while 3 percent of male victims were murdered by a wife or girlfriend.  In 2001 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimated that approximately one-fourth of all hospital emergency room visits by women resulted from domestic assault.  Although estimates are available as to the incidence of violent crimes occurring between intimate partners, many consider the figures to underrepresent the actual rates of occurrence. Victims of domestic violence may refrain from reporting abuse for a variety of reasons including a belief that it is a "private matter," fear of retaliation by the abuser, a desire to avoid feelings of shame, or a belief that the police could not effectively intervene.
 *  Violence between intimate partners occurs among people at all socioeconomic and education levels and within all ethnic, racial, religious, age, and sexual identity groups.

Effects of Victims and Children
 * The impact that remains on the ones that are abused, vary on the intensity and the type of violence that they endured.
 * Impacts may lead to: medical attention for injuries, psychological problems such as depression or anxiety, and at the very worse, death.
 * Children who witness domestic violence display a lot of aggression and have a hard time interacting with other children. Also, they may become abusers in future relationships.

Causes of Domestic Violence
 * Low self esteem, manipulative nature, desire for power and control, unable to cope with stress, extreme feelings of jealousy/ possessiveness, overly dependent on victim
 * People that are very violent are more likely to abuse drugs or alchol
 * Male's are the "dominant" figure- taken to the extreme
 * Women belong at a lower status

Why People Stay .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................  MEDINA, ANNA MARIE, et al. "Violence, Children's Exposure to." //Encyclopedia of Education//. Ed. James W. Guthrie. 2nd ed. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 2623-2634. //Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3403200642&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >
 * Low self esteem, isolation, shame, guilt, self blame, depression, dependence on abuser

EFFECTS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HAS ON CHILDREN (Experience or observation of domestic violence from a young age)


 * Exposure to violence affects a childs point of view on themselves, the world around them and their morals that they follow in life


 * Children that are exposed to domestic violence, may have lower academic success as well as have a hard time adapting to the school enviroment. This may lead to behavior and peer problems


 * "Interparental", and/ or parent-to-child violence can have very negative effects on children.


 * Children that are exposed or observe domestic violence often mature must faster than others and are much quicker than others in self defense.


 * "Interparental", and/ or parent-to-child violence can have very negative effects on children's future and how they behave.


 * Cognitive effects: poor language skills, problems with visual- motor skills, and attention/ memory skills. These may lead to problems with school rules, and classroom instructions.


 * Emotional effects: children may interpret that the world is unsafe- and that they are not worthy of being kept safe (<~ negative self perception). Many children may also experience posttraumatic stress disorder.


 * Behavioral problems: result of lack of proper role models in a child's life, belief that violence is the only way to solve a problem.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Curry, Lynne. "Child Abuse." //Dictionary of American History//. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 136-138. //Student Resources in Context//. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. < http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3401800780&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >


 * The thought or theory of child abuse has come from the idea that the male of the household is the authority and protector of those dependent on him.


 * Laws that the males were to provide shelter food and clothing allowed for controlling behavior.


 * Many believed that physical discipline was the only way to teach children.


 * When parents were viewed as unable to take care of their children for economic reasons, they were lost of their "parental rights" and the children became orphans.

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 * The federal Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 set new guidelines of the consequences of child abuse.

"Violence." //Human Diseases and Conditions//. Ed. Miranda Herbert Ferrara. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2010. 1778-1782. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. < http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX2830200456&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >


 * Violence is a social and health problem for everyone who experiences it or witnesses it.


 * Violence is usually something that is learned either from experience, or watching it, usually from a person that is a role model.


 * According to research, media violence has a large impact on violent behavior.


 * Constant observation of violence can lead children to believe that violence is a normal way of life and dealing with things.


 * There are people who learn to believe that violence/ abuse is an inevitable part of their lives so they become passive, and just take what comes to them.


 * Children learn behaviors from observation and imitating.


 * Children must be taught the difference between anger -the emotion- and violence -physical force-.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... "Violence and Drug and Alcohol Use." //Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco: Learning about Addictive Behavior//. Ed. Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt. Vol. 3. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. 204-209. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. < http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CCX3402100224&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >
 * There are choices for everyone, and even though someone grew up in a violent environment, they can change violent ways with counseling and help.


 * There is a link in the use of drugs and, or alcohol and aggression/ violent behavior.


 * Drug users who inject **amphetamine** my develop **paranoid** **psychosis**, a state in which they commit violent acts.

Cocaine can also lead to violent acts, after using the drug.

Phencyclidine (PCP), may bring out the violent side of someone with a violent history.

Marijuana and LSD rarely have been associated with violence

Ecstasy (MDMA), on long term users, can lead to feelings of depression, hostility, and social fears- a few days after using the drug.


 * Many people stay in abusive relationships becuase of their addiction to illicit drugs.


 * Using drugs or alcohol can be a way someone tries to escape abuse.

......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... "Family Violence." //Current Issues//: //Macmillian Social Science Library//. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003. //Opposing Viewpoints In Context//. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. < http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?&id=GALE%7CEJ3011400095&v=2.1&u=pl7053&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w >
 * Does abuse/ domestic violence lead to drug abuse or does drug abuse lead to abuse/ domestic violence?

The true amount of domestic violence cases is unknown, because many who are in an abusive relationship do not seek for help, or tell.

What justifies as "child abuse" is hard because, discipline is necessary. For example- spanking is illegal in some places but, in others normal.

Until recently, domestic violence has not been that looked at very closely because men have been known as the ones in charge and to show discipline.